The Short AnswerBusiness owners earning $500,000 or more usually have two tax problems: too much income taxed at the top rate today, and a pre-tax retirement pile that will be taxed as ordinary income later. A cash balance or defined benefit plan addresses the first. Planning the exit from that plan addresses the second.
The First Bill: How Much Tax Do California Owners Pay?
An owner in California can face a 37% federal rate, up to 12.3% state, a 1% surcharge over $1 million and Medicare taxes on top. A 401(k) alone shelters a small slice of that. A cash balance plan layered on top of a 401(k) can move $100,000 to $300,000+ a year out of taxable income, depending on your age and pay, and it can be adopted as late as your business's tax filing deadline, including extensions.
The Second Bill: What Is The Tax On The Way Out?
Every dollar in a pension, cash balance plan or pre-tax 401(k) is taxed as ordinary income when it comes out. How and when it comes out changes the bill dramatically. Using the median employer pension balance in public DOL Form 5500 filings, $2,495,309, the federal tax ranges from $212,237 to $859,963 depending on the exit. That $647,726 spread is decided by choices most owners never see laid out. Run your own plan through the Second Bill calculator.
Where Do Business Owners Leave Money On The Table?
- A plan designed once and never revisited. Contribution room changes with age, pay and headcount.
- Terminating a plan without an exit strategy. A plan wind-down is a tax event waiting to be scheduled.
- Selling the business without planning the proceeds. Capital gains, the pension pile and the estate all land in the same few years.
- Treating life insurance as a separate conversation. Tax savings can fund protection and tax-free income instead of more taxable assets.
How Does Tyler Work With Business Owners?
The first meeting maps your current tax bill, the plans you already sponsor and what sits in them. By the third meeting you have a Tax Advantage Scorecard: your bill today, the bill waiting in your retirement plans and the game plan that brings both down. Tyler coordinates the plan design with a third-party administrator and your CPA.
Common Questions
How much can a business owner put in a cash balance plan?
It depends mainly on age and compensation. Owners in their 40s to 60s commonly contribute $100,000 to $300,000+ a year on top of a 401(k), because the plan targets a retirement benefit and older owners have fewer years to fund it. An actuary sets the exact figure each year.
Is it too late to start a cash balance plan for last year?
Often not. Since the SECURE Act, a new plan can generally be adopted up to the business's tax filing deadline, including extensions, and still count for that tax year. Timing matters, so start early.
What happens to my pension plan when I sell or close my business?
The plan is usually terminated and the balance is paid out or rolled over. A rollover to an IRA defers the tax, but the pile is still pre-tax and still faces the Second Bill later. The exit is worth planning before the termination date is set.
